Hip Hops Betrayal of Black Women free essay sample

The HIP Hop music Industry Is Infamous for being controversial. In the article HIP Hops Betrayal of Black Women theres a debate on whether the exploitation and constant verbal slander of women should be acceptable just because it sales records. It presents the question that why is it that male poverty breeds sexism? Even though women may have lived in the same environment males still see women as the enemy in their music in an effort to sell records.If you listen to almost any rap song especially from the big time platinum selling artists, basically their lyrics are going to be about one of two things The money they have or about bitched and hoes. Besides the fact that with todays many technological advancements that its hard to be successful In the music Industry with the Illegal downloading, leaking etc. If you want to make a name for yourself and maintain your fan base at the end of the day you have to sell recordsEspecially being a new artist youre going to be Judged heavily n how well your first single goes which ultimately determines how well your album will sale but all thats based on if people feel your music and how well your image is put out to the public. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hops Betrayal of Black Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So the dilemma comes when artist are faced with the question are you going with the norm? Or are you willing to branch out and jeopardize your career?Many times you see artist that are labeled one hit wonders that cant produce another hit and then the only way to redeem themselves it to feature themselves with a more well-known artist to help boost their credentials. So instead f taking that chance and being different and not playing into the dominant chorus of misogyny (McMullen 297) they easily revert back to the common vernacular mandates that are In every song as somewhat of a safety net In order to be considered a down, hip and mainstream artist.As stated In the article those who decide not to Join the misogynistic rap trend and actually rap about Important Issues or just other topics than making it rain in the club, such as Common, B. O. B or Taliban Swell, dont receive the same recognition as a Jay-Z who stick to the mainstream paper stereotype for years and at times is heavily scrutinized for his choice of lyrics but at the same time has and continue to sell millions of records.In the same token it doesnt work the other way around when female rappers try to rap about how much money they got and about men, without them running the risk of being called a pitch,ho, Dyke etc. Besides the fact that female hip hop artist are an endangered spec ies and barely sale as it is, unless they present themselves as a slut and show half their body in a video they become Irrelevant. Sad to say people onto want to hear a woman rap about the same thing a man would, like her In the streets, shooting people beefing with other artists etc. Instead they want to hear her rap about being sexy and many women believe that that undermines the true meaning of what hip hop is because in actuality rap isnt a porno, its music and your Hop artist Eve whose well-known for being one of the few successful female rap artist today, refers to herself as a pit bull in a skirt and was featured in a video entitled Pigeons which is a huge woman slandering song, which many people after seeing his was very disappointing and heartbreaking to some to see a woman associating herself with men who are disrespecting other women in the same video.Which brings me to the example that the pressure of women to be hyper-feminine and hyper sexual for the pleasure of men, and unless women agree to compromise their truths, self respect and unity with other women, they will be either targeted, slandered or ignored altogether. (McMullen 298) Regardless of the many different viewpoints that this issue presents, its clear that en thing remains constant is the fact that sex sales, its all around us in this day and age and the youth follow what they see and hear.If they see rappers calling females out of their name with big chains and expensive cars throwing all their money in videos, then they look up to the guys they see in those videos and are going to buy in to what their seeing and hearing on the radio, on TV, on the internet, on the streets and in school regardless if its true Just like advertisement. Even though many of the rappers that rap about misogyny sound like they live what their saying, many dont actually believe what theyre saying theyll still say it anyway Just to get a paycheck.

Free Essays on Should Marajuana Be Leaglized

Should cannabis be legalized? I think so. If you agree with me then read this article. If you don’t, then read it anyway. It might teach you a thing, or two, about reality. Cannabis, weed, grass, and marijuana; they are all the same: completely harmless, and completely misunderstood. 260 million people worldwide use it for its potential advantages. Those who don’t use it are missing out. In 1973, the drug was banned from use in Britain, much to the dismay of its users. For twenty-seven years, people have fought for the right to use it as a drug, unsuccessfully. Read on to find out the mistake that we have made. The first point that politicians raise is that cannabis has a worse effect on the user than tobacco in cigarettes. This is also the first point at which they stumble. Cannabis is ten times worse for the lungs when mixed with tobacco, but alone, cannabis does not cause any negative effects such as those of cigarettes. However, a cigarette does not simply contain tobacco. It also contains over 2000 other chemicals, such as tar and nicotine, which affect the body in negative ways. As for alcohol, not only can it affect the body in the long term, but there is also a risk in ‘drink-driving’. Far more people die, at present, under the effect of alcohol and cigarettes than die from cannabis. And, very importantly, both cigarettes and alcohol are addictive, whereas, it is impossible to become physically addicted to cannabis. It is also impossible to over-dose on cannabis, and people who die after taking it, die of their own stupidity. One claim is that, if cannabis were legalized, the tobacco companies would jump at the chance to produce tobacco-based reefers so as to get more young people addicted to smoking tobacco. I feel this is true. However, if someone is buying cigarettes, they are buying them for the pleasurable effects that come with them. If they are buying cannabis, they are buying it for exactly the sa... Free Essays on Should Marajuana Be Leaglized Free Essays on Should Marajuana Be Leaglized Should cannabis be legalized? I think so. If you agree with me then read this article. If you don’t, then read it anyway. It might teach you a thing, or two, about reality. Cannabis, weed, grass, and marijuana; they are all the same: completely harmless, and completely misunderstood. 260 million people worldwide use it for its potential advantages. Those who don’t use it are missing out. In 1973, the drug was banned from use in Britain, much to the dismay of its users. For twenty-seven years, people have fought for the right to use it as a drug, unsuccessfully. Read on to find out the mistake that we have made. The first point that politicians raise is that cannabis has a worse effect on the user than tobacco in cigarettes. This is also the first point at which they stumble. Cannabis is ten times worse for the lungs when mixed with tobacco, but alone, cannabis does not cause any negative effects such as those of cigarettes. However, a cigarette does not simply contain tobacco. It also contains over 2000 other chemicals, such as tar and nicotine, which affect the body in negative ways. As for alcohol, not only can it affect the body in the long term, but there is also a risk in ‘drink-driving’. Far more people die, at present, under the effect of alcohol and cigarettes than die from cannabis. And, very importantly, both cigarettes and alcohol are addictive, whereas, it is impossible to become physically addicted to cannabis. It is also impossible to over-dose on cannabis, and people who die after taking it, die of their own stupidity. One claim is that, if cannabis were legalized, the tobacco companies would jump at the chance to produce tobacco-based reefers so as to get more young people addicted to smoking tobacco. I feel this is true. However, if someone is buying cigarettes, they are buying them for the pleasurable effects that come with them. If they are buying cannabis, they are buying it for exactly the sa...

Juvenile Gangs in America Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Juvenile Gangs in America - Term Paper Example Gangs are found in both urban and rural areas. Adult criminal offenders emanate from gangs at an early age and recruit their members from the gangs. Gangs should be diverted into constructive activities where they can positively utilize their energy and honestly make money instead of using criminal means. Juvenile Gangs in America The case of the young gang member is a sad one as instead of having a fruitful youth they waste themselves in burglary, muggings, robbery, gang wars, drug abuse and drug sale according to Franzese, Covey and Menard (2006). Both males and females engage in gang activities and may find themselves in juvenile jails at an early age owing to criminal activities in which they engage. This paper aims to study Juvenile gangs in America; types of Juvenile gangs, what causes them and the effect they have on society and the crimes they engage in, in the United States. The youth are constantly striving to seek for answers as to who they really are. They are looking to define their character, their objectives and pathways in life. This is probably the reason why gangs are constituted mainly of the youth; people lost looking to find their footing in life and in society. Law enforcers define gangs in a simple way as organized groups that join together for the common objective of committing criminal offences (Barrows and Huff, 2009). Barrows and Huff also state that gangs are strongly glued together, very organized, secretive and violent; a group that is a fast growing great threat to society. They also look to find where they feel safe and secure and a place where they feel dignified. Gangs offer this forum and make the young person feel comfortable and protected. The disadvantage with gangs, even as they offer this homely feel for the youth, is that they offer the wrong advice; a tool of menace instead of positive development. United States has experienced a rebirth of gangs and crimes perpetuated by gangs over the last twenty years (Katz and Webb, 2006). Johnson (2004) submits that there are various types of youth gangs in the streets of United States. Scavengers at times referred to as wanna-be gangs are mainly consisted of whites from the suburbs whose main purpose is to bully and threaten other youngsters. Hispanic gangs, on the other hand, named as territorial gangs gather respect. African American gangs and a few Hispanic gangs called hardcore gangs endeavor to generate money by all means and kick out rival groups through violent. Members of a particular gang share various things such as ambition, devoutness and even backgrounds. The juvenile gang menace is mistaken to be uniquely American but it is a characteristic of many other nations and continents too as state by Siegel and Welsh (2011). The UK is a good example of a state disturbed by juvenile gangs and specifically the capital, London. Though there are many kinds of Juvenile gangs in the US, they tend to share similar characteristics. Such characteristics are; th ey are made up of youths, they protect particular territories mainly in the streets and they are immersed in criminal activities of all sorts. Gangs in the United States exist in all cities and members of gangs tend to evolve into leaders of organized crime settings (Finley, 2007). Young juvenile gang members are often trained by adults and are taught many things among them particular ways of

Write a paper of approximately 1500 words examining a topic of your Essay

Write a paper of approximately 1500 words examining a topic of your choice - Essay Example However, smoking is rapidly becoming unpopular in the society today. Sensitization campaigns have been lodged and bills pushed by legislators to bring to end the laws that legalize smoking, especially cigarette. Smoking in many regions can be associated with social classes and people smoke to feel a part of a given social class. Smoking brings a â€Å"feel good† sensation that is associated with less stress. This paper seeks to examine in details the social and health effects of smoking. Smoking is dangerous to almost all body organs and puts a person at a greater health risks. Female smokers have reduced chances of conceiving compared to their non smoking counterparts. In the case of pregnant women, smoking affects the health of their babies, whether before or after birth. Such cases as early deliveries (premature birth), babies dying before they are born, babies weighing less at birth, sudden death syndrome in infants have been reported from smokers. In men, smoking reduces the sperm counts, which may lead to infertility, miscarriage or birth defect risks. Banning smoking can boost fertility and healthy children and parents free from smoke related complications (Anderson, 2004). If the waxy substance forms inside the arteries that take blood to the limbs and organs, a condition known as Peripheral Arterial Disease will arise. This will affect the kidneys and the stomach. It is also a major cause of stroke (Anderson, 2004). There is a chance that many people suffering from pain and numbness in the legs and death of the tissues have Peripheral Heart Disease. If the kidney is affected its role of purifying the blood will not be done well and one can end up with impure blood. Severe kidney problems lead to kidney failure, which will lead to either kidney dialysis or a kidney transplant. Smoking has adverse consequences on immunity as well as inflammation. Women who have reached menopause but smoke are more likely to experience bone breakage due to their

An audit of current provision and critical reflection of the Learning Essay

An audit of current provision and critical reflection of the Learning Environment where intervention groups are currently conduc - Essay Example However, the effectiveness of this initiative has remained an issue of concern to a good number of modern scholars and policy implementers in the United Kingdom (Hayward, 2006, p. 257). Although the term inclusion is not a legal concept, the term is used consistently in primary schools and many middle level schools to educate professionals and community members on the significance of supporting people with disabilities to perform effective in formal and informal education system. In most instances, inclusion programmes differ consistently both in terms of implementation and definition in different schools and societies. Some variables, such as the nature and amount of support and school infrastructures, differ from child to child, school to school and from one country to another. As defined by global scholars, inclusion entails a situation where pupils with disabilities are trained in regular education classroom using the available resources on fulltime bases (Evans, 1989, p.910). Di sabled students therefore become part of the entire education systems, and therefore, they consistently participate in all areas of classroom culture. In inclusion programme, students are expected to effectively participate in various activities such as in library activities, assembly’s activities, lunchtime activities, arts activities, in physical education and in playground activities. Inclusion has its root cause in Civil Rights Movements in United Kingdom and United States of America (DFES, 2005, p. 245). The hypothesis behind the introduction of this policy was that separate training and education among children with disabilities failed to provide an overall solution to the problems that affected disabled people. Therefore, in order to attain equal access to education facilities, children with disabilities ought to be educated in the same training institution and system with children who do not have physical and mental disabilities. Purpose of inclusion for pupils with S END A good number of modern scholars have written different publications with an aim of explaining some of the main benefits of inclusion education among disabled children. However, based on the available facts, inclusion education offers an authentic learning environment among disabled children in primary schools. This benefit is based on the assumption that at one time in their lives; children with disabilities will become part of the general society. Therefore, they ought to interact with other people in order to understand the society’s norms and regulations. In interacting with community members, children who do not have disabilities will encounter people with disabilities, and therefore, effective interaction at the initial development stage will offer an avenue that will train them on some of the most effective means of dealing with physically challenged people. Therefore, in the attempt to foster competence and understanding instead of fear, it is important that child ren be exposed to people of all abilities and disabilities in their initial training. The creation of a learning environment that have microcosm of the society and that include people from all lifestyles including physically challenged people is very essential and critical in enhancing students’ future activities and performances (Kochhar, West & Taymans, 2000, p. 89). In addition, inclusion programme offers an opportunity for students to be exposed to various learning and training methods on a

Globalization And Global Warming

Globalization And Global Warming The Earth Hour launched by World Wildlife Fund since 2007 has entered its fourth year. This activity led the charge at first in Sydney, later the lineup expanded to countries around the world. However, after turning off the lights for one hour, what kind of awakening did people get? The symbolism of participating in this event is that despite the power of a few countries alone, people throughout the world must work together to solve the global warming problem. We live in a globalized world in which we obtain the prosperity and development. In this stunning development, however, the global warming or climate change problem hidden behind has seriously threatened the existence of the human environment. We must rely on the forces of globalization and the global joint efforts of people to tackle such a crisis and to safeguard the benefits of our next generations. Along with economic globalization, industrial production and free trade among countries in the world have developed to a very advanced stage; however, the damage to the environment, as well as the tremendous impact of climate change, makes us have to retake the great crisis of human existence lurking behind of the globalization into account. Nowadays, the atmosphere is gradually warming with the accumulation of the greenhouse gases (GHG), all kinds of climate change phenomenon such as droughts, floods, increasing temperatures and rising sea-levels bring impacts to the entire globe (Hallman, 2002). Chanda (2007) claimed that the connection between carbon-emitting economic growth and increasing trade and industrialization brought by globalization is unmistakable. In his article, he also pointed out that though globalization does not account for deforestation alone, it does become the conduit and accelerator for the forces which reduce the forest area. The news titled Globalization Is F ueling Global warming reported by Les Leopold (2007) also claimed that our world would continue to be chemically poisoned and globally warmed if the accelerating global trade was not limited sensibly. It also censured that the pro-globalization forces disregarded climate change and kept inculcating the advantages of free trade: falling prices, increased efficiency, shaking the country off poverty and achieving global wealth (Leopold, 2007). It is undeniable that commercial trade develops to enhance the peoples living standard, it is easier and more convenient to access to needed goods. However, if we do not take measures to protect the Earth, then, one day, we have no chance to enjoy the wealth because this land which we step on will perish. Climate change is not only closely linked with peoples daily routines, but also affect the production of peoples food, particularly the most common crops, rice and wheat food. If the bad weather causes crop failures, the worlds growing population will very likely suffers from famine. A news (December, 2009) from UN News centre reported that as Asias agriculture has been damaged by the climate change, 10 countries, held an UN-sponsored meeting in December 2009 in Hanoi, Vietnam to discuss how to maintain sustainable farming practices to meet the demand of the current population. According to the news, the World Meteorological Organization (MWO) recommended these countries to enhance indoor and urban agriculture to deal with the need of growing populations in Asian cities. While facing the increasingly severe climate change, this would certainly be a way to meet the needs of the population, but such a proposal is obviously a solution which demands substantial human and material resourc es. Moreover, among these countries, such as Vietnam, Afghanistan, Thailand are developing countries. Depending on their economic abilities may not be able to afford to set indoor and urban agriculture. In this case, if the rich countries can play the spirit of international mutual-assistance, funds will be injected into these developing countries to help them raise the level of agriculture and to save the threat of climate change to agriculture. Furthermore, a fact stated by Chanda (2007) is that the ozone hole has been partially mended by the effort of the Montreal Protocol in combating ozone depletion. This shows that if the states are willing to cooperate and contribute a force, it is possible to save the earth crisis. Nevertheless, the most critical work should be to reverse the phenomenon of climate change. The most important job to avoid the tragedy of the destruction of Earth is reducing GHG emissions to slow global warming rate. David G. Hallman (2007) argued that the global problem should not be equal responsibility of all people and a distinction between the luxury emissions of the rich and the survival emissions of the poor should be made. This is because the industrialized nations covering less than one-fifth of the worlds population were actually the main culprits for most of the GHG emission over the twentieth century. As he mentioned, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change had been adopted in the Rio Earth Summit 1992 and the negotiations had furthered another agreement requiring the industrialized countries to afford more precise aim of emission reduction. Although some campaigns which intended to convince the public and government of the downsides of gases reduction were mounte d in the western countries, dependable studies proved that enhancing energy efficiency brings advantages to ecological and economical aspects (Hallman, 2002). Besides, according to the negotiations, the industrialized nations could assist the developing countries in raising their manufacturing conditions, by increasing the energy-efficiency, to reduce emissions (Hallman, 2002). Therefore, those industrialized countries should make the best of their science and technology achievement to facilitate the emission reductions of other developing countries. Apart from this, when the communication and transportation are developed to promote links between people and increase access to information or goods, a potential consumption of resource and energy is caused. The suffering one is eventually the Earths ecological environment. An example taken from New York Times is China, which obtains an enormous economic growth, consequently consumes a large amount of fuel and power (Leopold, 2007). An ironic fact pointed out by Leopold (2007) is that while we import the high-efficiency light bulbs to save energy, the transportation results in the gain of carbon. Leopold hence proposed the next wave of green products to be made near to the product-using place; this not only creates homemade and green jobs, but also reduces global warming. It is worth noting while we think of using high-tech products to protect the environment, the transport strategy, manufacturing sites and other objective factors, to a certain extent, influence the green-environment al programs. Hence, we can deduce that not merely the national attitudes to environmental issues and their policy implementation are critical in dealing the global warming issue, but the consciousness of the entrepreneurs, business groups and individuals is also significant. Besides governments have leading powers on this issue of globalization while playing a role in international decision-making, the business groups and individuals also have to respond positively to the governmental policies on this global subject which has close relationship with the general public. Although many non-governmental organizations serve and contribute in this area, no power is more significant than those of the governments to fight against the problems (Chanda, 2007). Dahl (1998) also claimed that there is problem of values implanted in the institutional structures and the problem is aggravated by phenomena of rapid economic globalization, while the counterbalancing political structures have not kept pace and are losing their power over a globalizing world. Like he mentioned, the idea is that the social and environmental problems are the responsibilities of the government while businesses only account for businesses. This is incorrect because the Earth belongs to everyone . To protect it is not just of the countries and the government but the common task of all people. Actually, there is also an issue of global justice. Joseph E. Stiglitz (2006) indicated that the United States as the worlds biggest polluter had refused to sign the Kyoto agreement while the other developing countries had no commitments of reducing environmental pollution. He refuted some U.S. politicians opinion about reduction of emissions compromises the quality of American life, but also pointed out the inadequate point in the Kyoto Protocol, which is in line with national emission reductions relative to each nations level in 1990 (Stiglitz, 2006). There was conflict between the U.S and the developing countries. The U.S. refused to sign the protocol if the developing countries did not reduce emissions, while the developing countries consider unreasonable to allow them to pollute as much per capita as the U.S. (Stiglitz, 2006). Stiglitz (2006) hence put forward a proposal suggesting a global environmental tax on emissions, which requires the reduction level to equal the Kyoto tar get. This is an approach of everyone pays the social cost of their emissions. Actually, it is fair for those people who caused more damage to the Earth should contribute more forces in this case. They gain more benefits than others from business and industry, thus they should take greater responsibility to the environment. On the other hand, educating the public about the awareness to protect the earth and slow down the speed of climate change also becomes an important issue. We often say that a trend of the globalization is in the message transmission has reached the same speed of light for all around the world to receive messages. Therefore, we should use this advantage of globalization. In this era of information explosion, it is an easy task for a concept to spread around the world, so, the power of media to be should be made full use to spread the knowledge of protecting the earth and awake all people to show concern to the threat of global warming. In conclusion, under globalization, developed transport and communications are great achievements that they promote the trade prosperity and the exchange of the world, so there is large population mobility resulting in shrinking space and time. However, the climate change and global environmental issues have been serious threats to human survival. Climate change not only has implication on peoples daily life, but also affects one of the most basic needs of human life, the food production. Therefore, countries should help each other ride out the storm together. Many developing countries need the help of developed countries to achieve rapid economic development, so that they have enough technology to reduce emissions and help slow global warming problem. Developed countries with enormous wealth have become the biggest emissions culprits, so they should pay more efforts than the other developing countries to reduce emissions. In addition, global warming is not just the responsibility of the government, but all walks of life, all individuals should be concerned about it. Transport and communications should be developed as the benefits of globalization and provide a good channel to awaken people to care for the Earth. .

Frivolous lawsuits Essay example -- Legal Issues

Do you remember the lawsuit about the woman who ordered the McDonald’s coffee and spilled it in her lap and sued McDonald’s because it did not have a warning label on it? What about the woman who fell in the fountain at the mall while texting and wants to sue the mall? These lawsuits may seem fairly farfetched. They fall into the category called frivolous. Black’s Law Dictionary defines frivolous as lacking a legal basis or legal merit; not serious; not reasonably purposeful (Garner, 2006). When people pursue such lawsuits as these it costs money. â€Å"The civil justice system is plagued by high ‘transaction costs,’ meaning that it is both expensive and time consuming to use the courts to resolve disputes† (Ruschmann, 2006, p. 60). Frivolous lawsuits should not be taken seriously. People should not be awarded money for things that they caused themselves, and they should not cost courts and consumer’s time and/or money. There are many steps to go through once you decide to file a lawsuit. Many Americans suffer from injuries but only a small percentage of them file a lawsuit because many of them have valid claims but they have little money. Sometimes when plaintiffs, the person filing the lawsuit, go to trial there is a lot of money that has to be spent up-front. â€Å"Taking a large case on a contingency fee and advancing all the out-of-pocket cost is a very expensive proposition† (Bourhis, 2005, p. 76). Lawyers have created the contingent-fee arrangement. This is where â€Å"a lawyer agrees to take a case without any money up front and without requiring the client to pay an hourly or flat fee. In return, the lawyer is entitled to receive a percentage of the actual amount of money collected, generally 33 percent, but sometimes 40 percent if ... ...ceived potential for a large payout. Three percent of product liability trials involved toxic substances, including tobacco. Three tobacco product liability trials were disposed of a national sample in 2005. All three of these trials were decided by juries that ruled in favor of the defendants. Toxic substances were linked as 346 of the 354 product liability trials (Cohen, 2009). Tort reformers believe that courts must reduce the ability of defendants’ liability in order to avoid economic decline. In the years to come, the proposals likely to generate the biggest dispute include malpractice and class-action reform, limits on noneconomic and punitive damages, and a legislative solution to asbestos legation (Rushmann, 2006). There are many lawsuits. But the frivolous lawsuits should not be taken seriously and not cost our courts and citizens time and/or money.

Device Invented: Teleportation

â€Å"Kids, back in my days, we didn’t have those fancy teleportation devices; getting to places was a transportation problem. I remember very well those times. Cars now had a modern system of using infrared radiation as energy fuel, therefore many began to buy automobiles since the pollution problem was disappearing. Still, the traffic jams were constant and a solution was being researched. This way, public transportation became the axis of travel of the modern man. Nevertheless, as living and health conditions improved, there were still too many humans in the planet that needed to get from one place to another. We never believed at those times that change was very close. Twelve of November of 2026, a date I will never forget. I was working in my office when I began to hear a crowd of people cheering outside. Apparently scientists had been able to safely teleport an apple from one location to another. The news scattered quickly as a public demonstration was going to take place. I remember I sat down with my fellow workers around the screen and just in front of our eyes we saw how they teleported a dog from a chamber to another one located just a few feet away. The device worked and many anticipated that this method was the end to not only traffic jams but also the future way of public transport, economy, and more. Finally four years later, and just two months before I met your grandmother, authorities explained that teleportation had been tested enough to become safe and people could now use this marvelous invention. That day, I walked from my apartment and went straight to the nearest â€Å"booth† which was the folkloric name people had given it. The â€Å"booth† was two meters high, and wide enough for three people to come in. The machine had a small antennae that beeped loudly. When I first walked in, I could not help but notice the warm interior made of white polystyrene and all the wiring around it. Finally I stepped in, a door automatically closed and I just had to whisper for my destiny and bam, in a matter of a blink, I was standing in the other side of town. The device soon became the first method of transportation making anything quicker and cheeper. The device was soon used not only in transport persons, but soon companies shipped their products this way, and you could say it very much improved every aspect of life. And as you now know boys, the â€Å"booth† was soon modified so that it not only covered a small area but it can now transport 50 persons at the same time. So children, you better get ready for school, its late and you need to teleport in 5 min or you will not get to class in time. †

Fentanyl Transdermal Patch and Fatal Adverse Reactions Essays

Fentanyl Transdermal Patch and Fatal Adverse Reactions Essays Fentanyl Transdermal Patch and Fatal Adverse Reactions Paper Fentanyl Transdermal Patch and Fatal Adverse Reactions Paper The fentanyl transdermal system is used to manage pain. Unlike other pain killers this system manages moderate to severe chronic pain, which other means like opiod combination cannot manage. Safety concerns This system’s safety is only guaranteed if used according to the conditions recommended in the Canadian product monograph. Duragesic is the brand name under which the fentanyl transdermal system has been marked since the year 1992. Two generic products were introduced in July 2006. They are Ran Fentanyl and Ratio-Fentanyl transdermal systems. There have been numerous reports of serious adverse reactions which Health Canada suspects that they are linked to fentanyl transdermal patches. Health Canada is closely monitoring this situation. Fatal outcomes involved opioid-naive adolescents who are suspected to have abused the medication. AR with a fatal outcome linked to fentanyl trandermal patches There were fifty-two AR reports with a fatal outcome being linked to fentanyl transdermal patches. These were submitted to Health Canada from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2007. : A total of six cases of AR were due to dose initiation and titration. Prescriptions to oploid-naive patients were three, quick titration doses two and one high initiation dose. There was also one case of use concomitant with other central nervous system depressants. The death occurred within twenty-four hours after initiation. CNS depression due to combination of the medication with other CNS depressants was reported as the cause of death. A death was also reported due to interaction between CY3A4 inhibitor and fentanyl transdermal. It occurred less than four days after being initiated during fentanyl transdermal therapy. Six patients died due to patch application by the patients. Four of the patients applied more than the prescribed medication while one patient applied a new patch with the old patches on. Another patient changed the patch daily instead of every three days. There were three fatalities due to caregiver application of the patch. One case was due to the caregiver attempting to reduce dosage by folding the patch in half. Another case was due to the caregiver administering new patch while the old one was on. Still one more case was due to the caregiver pressing on it because it did not stick, thereby leaking fentanyl transdermal and overdosing the patient. One fatality occurred due to a patient using a patch prescribed for another patient. The sixty-four year old man applied the patch prescribed for his wife. The patient became unresponsive, vomited and aspirated. He died five days later due to pneumonia and renal failure. Five fatalities occurred due to accidental overdose. One patient was elderly and underweight. Another died of cardiac arrhythmia as a result of overdose fentanyl and antidepressants. Another had toxic levels of fentanyl after the second dose. The other two cases had limited information and could not be immediately established. Intentional overdose with suicide missions was evident in four of the cases while those of intentional drug abuse of the fentanyl patches were a massive twenty-five (MacMorran, 2008). Health promotion initiatives Health care professionals should therefore follow the directions available in the fentanyl transdermia patches product monographs. It is essential for patients, caregivers and their respective families to be guided on using the product safely. This includes safe storage of the drugs, preventing their accessibility for abuse and to prevent any accidental overdose. Rectification steps Following death reports linked to inappropriate use of the medication, the Canadian product monograph had to be revised in 2005. This was in order to emphasize this safety information. Subsequent advisories followed again in September 2005. A number of publications have followed suit in highlighting safety issues related to the medication use. Health Canada received 105 reports from Jan 1, 1992 to December 31, 2007. According to these reports, the ARs are suspected of being closely associated with fentanyl transdermal patches and one fatal case was reported. Twenty-seven of these reports were received after the last risk communication by Health Canada. The data were analyzed as part of monitoring AR reports. This was to identify any potentially preventable incidents and increase awareness on the product’s safety. In some cases there was no evidence to link the deaths to fentanyl transdermal. This was the case in thirty-three out of the 105 of these reports. In twenty such cases, there was insufficient information in the report for any meaningful evaluation (Raymond et al, 2004). Personal interest held by the advisory The drug advisory has challenged me personally to come up with alternative drugs that can serve the same purpose but are less risky. Proper administration and usage of drugs has also been emphasized. I have been encouraged to handle any drugs carefully. It has brought a very clear realization that people’s lives are at stake and we have to be very careful. Impact of the advisory on a practicing nurse in 2008 The advisory has had a significant impact on the practicing nurse. They have to be very careful not to administer the Fentanyl patch to any more patients unless under prescription and strict following of instructions. This has led to seeking alternative drugs. The altenative drugs have their own short-comings which the patients may not be used to or even aware of. In cases where usage of Fentanyl cannot be abandoned, very strict measures have had to be taken to avoid misuse, overdose and abuse. This has added some extra responsibilities to the nurses. References Canadian Safety Bull. (2006). Fentanyl transdermia: a misunderstood dosage form. 6 (5). Canada Safety Bull (2007). Fentanyl patch linked to another death in Canada. Duragenic (2007). Fentanyl transdermal System: product monograph. Janssen-Ortho Inc: Toronto. MacMorran, M. (2008). Fentanyl transdermia patch and fatal adverse reactions. Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter. Raymond, B. et al (2004). Respiratory arrest in adolescents. Duragenic. Canadian Adverse Reaction News. 14 (4): 1-2

Management

Management Executive Summary Almost every year, it seems, some major corporation is enveloped in an ethics scandal that generates a new tremor of public distrust. As a consequence of these endless scandals, the ethics phenomenon has become a buzz word in boardrooms and so is global outsourcing and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Global outsourcing has seen companies lowering the production costs, as well as offer employment for many languishing in unemployment, particularly in the developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management-Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report finds that CSR is even more relevant in companies engaged in global outsourcing than those having in-house operations. As such, it makes a number of recommendations to contemporary companies who wish to engage in global outsourcing activities. To begin with, the fact that a company is operating away from ‘home’ does not imply that it should engage in unethical behaviors. It should indulge in those activities that bring good to itself, and the community in which is operating. By so doing, companies will be able to maintain brand value and reputation. It will also win the confidence of the community; which may come at their rescue in times of a crisis. Introduction On December 3, 1084, the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, experienced a major crisis resulting in the leak of 45 tons of methylisocyanate, a toxic chemical used in the production of insecticides. Thousands of people died from the disaster with many others suffering long-term physical damage, including blindness, respiratory problems, birth defects, and neurological problems (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Union Carbide’s response was to deny social responsibility for the accident. The company did make emergency relief payments, and later settled all civil liability for the accident amounting to hundreds of millions of US dollar s. Claiming it had met its legal obligations, Union Carbide began to extricate itself from India. Responsibility for the plant site and victims was eventually turned over to the Indian government. The company funded a relief trust and built a clinic to help treat victims, but the legacy of long-term disability, contaminated water, and lingering effects has remained unresolved (Sims, 2003). The Union Carbide Bhopal accident, as well as a number of other dramatic and mundane examples, illustrates the debate over corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Companies such as Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft, and many others have been accused of hiding behind legal requirements and avoiding larger social responsibilities. Corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility have emerged as salient topics for debate in the contemporary business milieu (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Ge t your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate ethics Almost every year, it seems, some major corporation is enveloped in an ethics scandal that generates a new tremor of public distrust. As a consequence of these endless scandals, the ethics phenomenon is often a major part of the news. Ethics is a philosophical term that comes from the Greek word, ‘ethos’, meaning personality or norm (Griseri Seppala, 2010). This definition is relevant to efficient leadership in business organizations in that, it refers to an organization code of exhibiting moral uprightness and unswerving values in service to the public (Trevino Nelson, 2010). Sims (2003) posits that in order to understand corporate ethics, it is useful to comment on the relationship between ethics and morality. Ideally, ethics can be perceived as a combination of moral doctrines or standards. On the other hand, morality is a system or doctrine of moral conduct. Corporate ethics, therefore, is concerned with right and wrong behavior and practices within a business context. There are two types of corporate of business ethics: normative business ethics and descriptive business ethics (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Swartz (2011) states that normative business ethics seek to propose some principle or principles for distinguishing ethical and unethical in the business context. This type of ethics lays emphasis on developing norms or principles by which business might be controlled or evaluated. On the other hand, descriptive business ethics focuses on grasping what is taking place; the realm of behavior, actions, decisions and polices. This type of ethics deals with what is the prevailing set of standards in the business community (Keinert, 2008). Benefits of corporate ethics The benefits of corporate ethics cannot be overlooked in the contemporary business environment. For today’s business leaders and mangers, leading and administrating ethically also entails managing with honesty. Keinert (2008) holds that honesty runs throughout an organization. It models, influences and maintains the values, tone, climate, or culture of the organization; communication among all its members; and commitment, imagination, and realism of everyone in the organization (Trevino Nelson, 2010). Ethics initiatives hold up employee growth and significance (Swartz, 2011). Focus on ethics in the business aids employees face reality in the organization. They help them feel confidence in dealing with whatever comes their way. Ethical climates and organizational ethics help ensure that policies are legal (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007). Emphasis on ethics ensures exceedingly ethical policies and measures in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management-Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, corporate ethics emphases facilitate avoidance of criminal indulgences; hence, lowering fines. E thics programs recognize ideal standards and make certain that organizational behaviors are aligned with those standards (Griseri Seppala, 2010) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) The previous segment of this report laid emphasis on the organization need to be ethical. As discussed in the segment, organizations should strive to create strong ethical cultures that support employee ethics. Keinert (2008) argues that managers should lead their employees in an ethical direction. Individual and organizational ethical decision-making and behavior requires taking into consideration harms and benefits to those outside the organization. The organization’s relationship with its external stakeholders, usually referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is very important (Swartz, 2011). Reasons for engaging in CSR Vilcox Mohan (2007) state that in today’s highly interconnected, global, and transparent world, corporations are finding that social responsibility is esse ntial to fundamental business strategy. Corporations are also finding that it is difficult to separate internal organizational ethics (discussed in the previous segment), from external social responsibility. There are three major reasons as to why companies care about social responsibility. These are pragmatic, ethical, and strategic reasons (Keinert, 2008). Under the pragmatic approach to corporate social responsibility, a firm’s management scans the environment and is on alert to act in ways that avoid economic harm, maintain legitimacy, and ensure a good corporate reputation (Griseri Seppala, 2010). This approach is mainly reactive and acts on stakeholder’s concerns only after they are voiced. A more proactive, ethical reason for corporate social responsibility argues that businesses, as part of society, have a responsibility to behave ethically. Social responsibility is as integral to the business as is economic performance (Urip, 2010). A third reason to be socia lly responsible is a strategic one. This approach is grounded on the basis that business needs a healthy society because only a health society can produce a productive workforce, and the rules of the road that make business transactions possible (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A healthy society also needs business to innovate, crate jobs, goods, and series, and pay the taxes that support societal activities. Therefore, the best CSR initiatives will be simultaneously good for business and for the society (Swartz, 2011). The strategic approach to corporate social responsibility offers mangers a stronger basis for making decisions about which stakeholders and social responsibility issues should garner their attention and resources given the multitude of options available (Keinert, 2008). Benefits of CSR Just like corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility has various benefits to the stakeholders. Although it may prove costly issue in the short run, the long term benefits of CSR can be overlooked (Urip, 2010). To the government, CSR has the following benefits. To begin with, it leads to development and acceleration of microeconomic sustainable growth through the use of good governance and best practices. To the local community and society, CSR changes the habits of society and improves quality of life (Swartz, 2011). Through capacity building, CSR creates employment and wealth. On the side of the corporations, CSR provides growth, profit, image, and competitive edge. It leads to community acceptance and goodwill (Keinert, 2008). In addition, CSR is a source of pride and inspiration to employees, and their families, alongside providing genuine dialogue with stakeholders. To the world and the environment, CSR results to waste management because of concern to the environment, which leads to balanced ecosystems, and green and clean environment (Sims, 2003). Global outsourcing With the advent of globalization and improved levels of competition, many firms have started to have considerable difficulties in developing and maintaining the variety of know-how and skill needed to compete effectively (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). The mergence of American, European, Japanese, and Third World multi-nations has created a new competitive en vironment, requiring the globalization, or at least semi-globalization of corporate strategy. This need has led many companies to engage with various kinds of sourcing strategies such as outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, near shoring, and on shoring (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks (2009) posit that sourcing is the process in which work is delegated or contracted to another party which may not be necessarily located near the organization. Outsourcing is defined as contracting with a third service provider for the management and completion of work in a given period, cost, and level of service (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). Offshoring refers to the relocation of organizational activities such as finance and accounting, back office and human resources, to a wholly owned subsidiary or an independent service provider in another country (Burkholder, 2009). The growth of global outsourcing has been attributed to many factors. To begin with, technological advances in the telecommunications industry and the Internet have shrunk space and time and have enabled the coordination of organizational activities at the global level (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Other reasons include the supply of skilled, yet low-cost, labor in countries such as India; the investments in infrastructure; the improved business, economic, and political climate in a number of developing countries. Other reasons why companies engage in global outsourcing include the standardization of Information Technology processes and communication protocols that contribute to the efficiency of inter-organizational activities (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). The nature of outsourcing is diverse. Some firms now outsource core activities so extensively that they no longer engage in production, as traditionally understood. Inbound and outbound logistics are being extremely outsourced also. Other firms are extensively outsourcing secondary value-chain activities such as information tech nology, accounting systems, distribution, aspects of human resources management and research and design (Burkholder, 2009). Despite its increasing importance, many firms do not understand the payback and costs of outsourcing. At the same time, the outsourcing firm is unavoidably bestowing at least part of its fortune to firms that are seeking to maximize their profits (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks (2009) argue that while outsourcing is often referred to as an alliance, the contracting parties inevitably have conflicted interests. The strategic objective of outsourcing decision-makers should seek to maximize the net benefits of outsourcing relative to the in-house provision of value-chain activities. In practice, this can often be simplified to minimizing the total costs of outsourced good or activity. However, costs must be viewed comprehensively (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Costs consist of expenditures for the good itself and the costs associ ated with governing the outsourcing transaction. This raises a number of fundamental questions relating to governance costs such as how the firm can assess the possible governance expenses that crop up form outsourcing, and under what circumstances can these governance costs be reduced (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). Burkholder (2009), states that investors expect outsourcing to create value for shareholders. The purpose of outsourcing is to lower the purchase price of some input by taking advantage of external supplier’s lower costs, or improve the quality of some input by purchasing some superior capability from an external supplier. In either case, the supplier’s advantage will be one that is not easily imitable. If the firm could easily imitate the cost or capability advantage outside suppliers, it could produce the activity in-house (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). The acquisition of superior capabilities can also be thought of in cost-saving terms-superior capabilities could only be produced at the same quality within the firm at higher cost. However, it is usual in the business strategy literature to analyze each activity on the value chain in terms of the firm’s ability to lower cost or improve quality, or more broadly, to in some way differentiate their production process (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts (2002) argues that the costs of outsourcing must be compared to the costs of internal production of the activity. Many inputs are inevitable outsourced; therefore, outsourcing is really only a further step on the continuum from purchasing and procurement. There are a number of production cost rationales for outsourcing. The most basic is that internal production of the activity entails production at levels that are too low to be efficient, that is, to achieve minimum efficient scale (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). The most significant economies of scale may relate to secondary scale-value activities such as administrative and information systems, knowledge and learning, access to capital markets and marketing. Similarly, economies of scope are becoming a rationale for outsourcing. With the advent of flexible manufacturing, the potential for economies of scale has increased dramatically (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Firms that can utilize the same production equipment for a range of products have a significantly cost advantage compared to smaller firms. Disadvantages of global outsourcing However, there exist several disadvantages to adopting outsourcing strategies. Loss of critical skills or overdependence on an outside organization for carrying out important business functions may evolve into significant threats to a company’s well-being (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Furthermore, security and confidentiality of data can be of great concern to many companies (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). On these grounds, it is critical that a company manages its sourcing strat egy in a way that is not nurturing a future competitor. With regard to outsourcing arrangements, it is important to note that there some risks that are specifically linked to these (Burkholder, 2009). For instance, outsourcing is usually followed by changes in the organization structure. Redundancies and layoffs are commonplace in outsourcing structure (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). CSR and Global outsourcing As mentioned earlier, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a priority item on the agenda of every business organization. As global outsourcing continues to be a buzz word in the business milieu, the stakeholders of this new wave have begun to embrace corporate social responsibility in their undertakings (Keinert, 2008). In addition to customer requirements, outsourcers are reacting to societal needs, governments regulations and employee expectations. What, then, is the place of corporate social; responsibility in global outsourcing? The next segment of this report han dles this question. Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willock (2009) posit that With many large companies centralizing and downsizing, their managers do not know what their subcontractors are doing. As such, although global outsourcing may be an appropriate decision by a firm, the decision to outsource should factor in more than the company’s needs, but also those of the communities it will operate with (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007). It is possible for an overseas to outsource to a firm in a developing nation. It is commonplace that the rules of business operation are not as demanding as in developed nations. As such, such companies may engage in unethical behaviors that may be a risk to the society the company is operating in. Just as, the company is eager to adhere to the rules of the game in their in-house company, the same principle should be applied even in the out-house operations. Unethical behavior will taint the reputation of the company regardless of the area of operation. As such, it is increasingly becoming imperative for companies engaged in global outsourcing to embrace corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Similar to the case of normal in-house operations, outsourcing is beneficial to the stakeholders in different ways. Although the benefits of corporate social responsibility were discussed in the segment of this report about corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility, it would not be redundancy to explore further some benefits that the concept can bring to firms, especially those engaging in global outsourcing (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Companies with good community relations can help raise awareness of unforeseen issues or problems, avoid unnecessary conflicts and hostility, and generate a better working atmosphere for staff from outside the area (Urip, 2010). Benefits of CSR in global outsourcing Companies engaged in global outsourcing can reap three benefits from CSR. These include brand value and reputation, improvemen ts in human capital, and revenue generation, particularly in large and yet undeveloped markets (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Companies that flaunt or ignore human rights run a real, demonstrable risk of seeing their share price drop as a direct result. Whereas community initiatives have a weak, yet positive, impact on shareholder value, bad community management can destroy reputation and seriously endanger financial performance (Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts, 2002). A commitment to social responsibility can build the competence and vitality of a company and guide it along a course of knowledge and innovation-based success. Positive links between social and financial performance are emerging, particularly in light of the growing relevance of intangible assets, such as reputation, brands and knowledge networks (Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts, 2002). Recommendations The case of great giants in the business milieu falling due to a mishap in their CSR or global outsourcing is a lesson for cont emporary managers. As such, there are a number of recommendations that modern leaders in the business milieu can take home from the discussions presented in this report on corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and global outsourcing. These are: They should not overlook the payback of corporate ethics. For today’s business leaders and managers, leading and administrating ethically entails managing with honesty. Honesty runs throughout an organization. It models, influences and maintains the values, tone, climate, or culture of the organization; communication among all its members; and commitment, imagination, and realism of everyone in the organization.. Business leaders should be vigilant to embrace CSR as it leads to development and acceleration of microeconomic sustainable growth through use of good governance and best practices. This results to a market atmosphere favorable for both local and foreign investors. To the local community and society, CSR ch anges the habits of society and improves quality of life. Through capacity building, CSR creates employment and wealth. On the side of the corporations, CSR provides growth, profit, image, and competitive edge. Concerning global outsourcing and CSR, companies should first be aware of the costs in the outsourcing process. Global outsourcing should be aimed at reducing costs, and achieving high quality product at the minimal costs. Companies engaging in global outsourcing should embrace even be more vigilant to embrace CSR as they involve out-house operations CSR is important in global outsourcing as it leads to brand value and reputation, improvements in human capital, and revenue generation. Conclusion In conclusion, as the world of business embraces for the dynamic nature of this milieu especially in the 21st century, there is a need for firms to not only consider the legal requirement in their operations, but also put the wider society into perspective. This is true in spite of w hether a company is engaged in outsourcing or not. In fact, companies engaged in global outsourcing should be more enthusiastic in CSR as they are operating in communities away from their normal station. As such, they can easily engage in unethical conducts, and yet go unpunished. Reference List Barrar, P., Gervais, R., 2006. Global outsourcing strategies: an international reference on effective outsourcing. London: Gower Publishing Ltd. Burkholder, N., 2009. Outsourcing: the definitive view, applications and implications. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Contractor, F., Kumar, V., Kundu, S., 2010. Global outsourcing and offshoring: an integrated approach to theory and corporate strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Griseri, P., Seppala, N.,2010. Business ethics. New York: Cengage Learning. Holliday, C., Schmidheiny, S., Watts, P., 2002. Walking the talk: the business case for sustainable development. New York: Berrett-Koehler. Keinert, C., 2008. Corporate social responsib ility as an international strategy. Berlin: Springer. May, S., Cheney, G., Roper, J., 2007. The debate over corporate social responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willocks, L., 2009. The handbook of global outsourcing and offshoring. London: Palgrave Macmilllan. Sims, R., 2003. Ethics and corporate social responsibility: why giants fall. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Swartz, M., 2011. Corporate social responsibility: an ethical approach. London: Broadview Press. Trevino, L., Nelson, K., 2010. Managing business ethics. London: John Wiley and Sons. Urip, S., 2010. CSR strategies: Corporate social responsibility for a competitive edge in emerging markets. London: John Wiley and Sons. Vahistha, A., Vashistha, A., 2006. The offshore nations: strategies for success in global outsourcing and offshoring. London: McGraw-Hill Professional. Vilcox, M., Mohan, T., 2007. Contemporary issues in business ethics. New York: Nova Publishers.

REGULATION, COMPLIANCE AND GOVERNANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

REGULATION, COMPLIANCE AND GOVERNANCE - Essay Example When the derivatives were distributed, it created an opportunity of basic training and helped in exploiting the difference in prices in future and spot markets. The gas trading of Enron had allowed it to be a market maker and acted as counterparty by trading on both sides and made profits as spreads between the offer and the bid price. Enron was under residual risk after it accessed both the markets and was able to overcome the same by entering into swaps and other such arrangements with dealers. As Enron owned physical plants and took charge of operating those, it had a comparative advantage over the competitors. The company was also able to protect itself from the market price movements for the same reason. Being an industry insider, it also had advantages of acquiring information needed for forecasting shocks related to particular region or sector. Therefore, besides being a market maker, Enron was also a creator of new products. The business strategy used by Enron, in 1990s, was asset light and vertical integration, after it became too leveraged due to the merger. The asset light approach indicates combination of the development of sophisticated risk management techniques with the least amount of ownership and operation of plants. Virtual integration system helps to maintain the reliability of a product with less capital investment. Enron took advantages of deregulation of the US energy markets, as later on, it can be noticed that they enjoyed the experience of steadily rising profit from merger of two utility based companies. Additionally, besides owning several gas pipelines, it also ran a natural gas as well as electricity transmission business. After 1985, Enron even started trading in gas and offered various types of derivates to interested customers, when the gas pipelines business met an end. When the derivatives

Health Care Incident Reported in the News Essay

Health Care Incident Reported in the News - Essay Example Courtois is a diabetic patient who was treated in Redding Hospital in 2010 did not consent to the decision of the hospital’s chief executive and medical officer in disclosing her treatment information. This followed allegations that the hospital was involved in overbilling Medicare. The officials of the hospital also failed to report the violations of the patient’s privacy as postulated by the HIPAA. Courtois daughter said that â€Å"we are appalled by the number of people they shared the information with" (Terhune, 2012). Among the journalists into whom the patient information was disclosed were those from the Times. It is reported within the news article that Prime Healthcare Inc. is to face up to $ 250 000 fines for these violations (Terhune, 2012). This essay is based on this story and aims at examining and evaluating how governance, organizational structure, culture and lack of social responsibility led to the violation of the patient’s privacy by the hospi tal. The essay also presents recommendations on resources and changes that would help to preventing future violations of patient privacy in relation to the ethics of patient care. The health care situation that is described within the Los Angeles Times is a case where the rights of patients for confidentiality and privacy of treatment information are violated by a health care system. ... It is in this regard that it is apparent that the hospital is obliged to take responsibility for its legal and ethical misconduct. Nonetheless it is important to note that the violation of HIPAA provisions for patient privacy is legally wrong regardless of the number of people with who patient information is disclosed (Moore, et al, 2009). Darlene Courtois’ case however received the attention of the media and the legal system because many health care providers and journalists got access to the patient’s treatment records without consent. The organizational structure at the Redding Hospital’s hospital is topped by the chief executive. This official is followed by the medical officer. Below these officials are the medical health records officers and other workers. The fact that private patient information was disclosed to the journalists by the chief executive and medical officer reflects that they had direct influence on the medical health officers from whom this information was obtained. This reveals an organizational culture where the top executives exercise roles beyond their lines of duty. Moreover, the health records officers were coerced to provide the patient information to the senior executives. This demonstrates that the health records officers failed to adhere to the ethical and legal requirements for confidentiality and privacy of all patient data. This case also reveals an organizational culture where workers fail to take legal responsibility by reporting medical misconduct in relation to patient data. This is revealed that the health care workers who were emailed the patient data failed to report the violation HIPAA provisions. This case came into light of the legal system because it was featured in